Photochemical toxicity of drugs intended for ocular use

  • Roshan Kumar Sahu Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School for Biosciences & Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, CSIR-Open Source Drug Discovery Unit, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Anusandhan Bhawan, New Delhi
  • Bhupendra Singh Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School for Biosciences & Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow
  • Shubhini A. Saraf Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School for Biosciences & Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow
  • Gaurav Kaithwas Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School for Biosciences & Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow
  • Kamal Kishor Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur
Keywords: antibacterial agents, antifungal agents, HET-CAM Test, ICE Test, NSAIDs, RBC Testt

Abstract

The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the possible ocular phototoxicity of drugs used in ophthalmic formulations. Sulphacetamide, ketoconazole, voriconazole, diclofenac, and ketorolac were assessed in the concentrations available in the market for their ocular use. The suitable models viz Hen’s Egg Test Chorioallantoic Membrane (HET-CAM) test, Isolated Chicken Eye (ICE) test, and Red Blood Cell (RBC) haemolysis test as recommended by ECVAM, ICCVAM, and OECD guidelines were performed. Results of HET-CAM and ICE tests suggest that sulphacetamide is moderately toxic in the presence of light/UV-A and very slightly irritant without irradiation. Ketoconazole and voriconazole were found slightly irritant in the presence of light/UV-A and non-irritant in the dark. Diclofenac and ketorolac demonstrated slight irritancy in the light and were found to be non-irritant in the dark. The results suggest that some of the drugs have potential toxic effect in the presence of light. The extent of phototoxicity might get extended when used for longer time. The recommendation is that these drugs be stored and used in the dark for a specified time and be labelled with specific instructions for patients, especially for those working longer in the sunlight.

How to Cite
1.
Sahu RK, Singh B, Saraf SA, Kaithwas G, Kishor K. Photochemical toxicity of drugs intended for ocular use. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol [Internet]. 1 [cited 2024Apr.25];65(2). Available from: https://arhiv.imi.hr/index.php/arhiv/article/view/213
Issue
Vol 65 No 2 (2014)
Section
Original article